General rules

• The works cited page is still in the text of your research paper and will include the page number heading continued from the last page of your text.
• Entitle this page: Works Cited. Center this title at the top of the page. Double space between the title and your first entry.
• List all entries in alphabetical order by last name of the author; sources with no author should be alphabetized by the first important word in the entry.
• In citing more than one work by the same author, give the author's name in the first entry only. Alphabetize the works according to the title. In place of the name of the author in all but the first entry, type three hyphens and a period, skip two spaces, and state title.
• Underline or italicize titles of independently published works: books, periodicals, etc.
• Use quotation marks around titles of short works such as a poem, article, or short story.
• Double-space between lines of an entry and between entries.
• Begin the first line of each entry at the left margin; indent all other lines five spaces.
• Each item in the entry should be separated by a period followed by one space.
• The bibliography page lists documents or sources read during research but not used in the text of your paper. Follow the same format as that of the works cited page.

Basic forms for print, electronic and non-print sources

A book
    Author(s). Title of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Print.

A part of a book (e.g., an essay or article in a collection such as SIRS, Opposing Viewpoints)
    Author of the part. "Title of Article." Editor of whole. Title of Collection. Place of Publication:

            Publisher, Year. Pages. Print.

An article in a periodical (such as a newspaper or magazine)
    Author. "Title of Article." Title of Source Day Month Year: pages. Print.

An encyclopedia entry
   Author. "Title of article." Title of Encyclopedia. Year edition. Print.

A webpage
   Author. Title of Page. Date of Posting/Revision. Name of institution/organization affiliated with

            site. Web. Date of Access.

An article in an online journal or magazine
    Author. "Title of Article." Title of Journal Volume. Issue (Year): Pages/Paragraphs. Web. Date of

            Access.

Email
    Author. Email to the author. Date.

Non-Print Media (video, filmstrip, CD-ROM, etc.)
    Author. "Title." Format. Place: Distributor, Date.

Examples

A book with more than one author
    Gesell, Arnold and Frances L. Ing. Child Development. New York: Macmillan, 1960. Print.

An essay in a collection
    Smith, David. "Youth crime in America." SIRS Volume 1. New York: WW Norton, 1997. Print.

An encyclopedia entry
    Tobias, Richard. "Twain, Mark." Encyclopedia Americana. 1991 ed. Print.

A magazine or periodical article
    Wulf, Stephen. "Generation Excluded." Time 23 Oct. 1995: 86. Print.
    Jost, Kenneth.. "Rethinking the Death Penalty."  CQ Researcher 16 Nov. 2001: 945-968. Print.

A newspaper article
   Feldman, Linda. "Conservatives ask: Is Bush still one of us?" Christian Science Monitor

            6 Feb. 2006: 1. Print.

A webpage
    Felluga, Dino. Undergraduate Guide to Literary Theory. 17 Dec.1999. Purdue University. Web.

            15 Nov. 2000.

An online journal article
    Inada, Kenneth. "A Buddhist Response to the Nature of Human Rights." Journal of Buddhist

            Ethics 2 (1995): 9 pars. Web. 26 Jun. 1998.

An article in a reference database
    "Fresco." Britannica Online. Vers. 97.1.1. Mar. 1997. Encyclopedia Britannica. Web.

            29 Mar. 1997.

An article from an online subscription service
     Fine, Jon. "AOL: MySpace Invader; Launching a Social Network." Business Week  30 Jan. 2006: 24. 

           General Reference Center Gold.  Web. 17 Feb. 2010.

Facts.com
    "Update: Obesity." Issues & Controversies On File. 9 Apr. 2004. FACTS.com. Web. 9 Feb. 2010.

Gale Infotrac Magazine
    Dolesh, Richard J., and Richard Gelb. "The Battle is On! Parks Versus Global Warming." Parks & Recreation

            May 2009: 30-34. Academic OneFile. Web. 22 June 2009.

Gale Infotrac Newspaper
    Pear, Robert, and David M. Herszenhorn. "House Unveils Health Bill, Minus Key Details." The New York Times

            20 June 2009: A1. Academic OneFile. Web. 23 June 2009.

CQ Researcher Online
    Billitteri, Thomas J. "High-Speed Trains." CQ Researcher 19. 7 (8 May 2009): 313-36.   CQ Researcher.

            Web. 26 February 2010

netLibrary ebook
    Garagna, Silvia. Mouse Genetics After the Mouse Genome. New York: Karger, 2004. netLibrary. Web. 2 October 2009.

An interview
    Doyle, Christopher. Personal Interview. Battle Creek, 20 Dec. 2008.

A television or radio program
    "The Blessing Way." The X-Files. Fox. WXIA, Atlanta. 19 Jul. 1998.

Information on CD-ROM
    The CIA World Factbook. CD-ROM. Minneapolis: Quanta, 1992.

® See citation examples for citing Library of Congress primary source material.

® MLA style is explained at Purdue University Online Writing Lab, including new MLA updates.

® Use a bibliography template or a citation tool machine. See chart of MLA examples from Easybib.

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